Interview question

What is the difference between logging and using print() for debugging? Debugging के लिए logging और print() में क्या अंतर है?

Answer

Aspect	print()	logging
Severity levels	No distinction	DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL
Output control	Always prints to stdout	Configurable destinations (file, console, remote)
Production use	Must be manually removed	Can be turned on/off via level configuration
Includes context	Manual only	Automatic timestamps, module names, line numbers

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

logger.debug('Detailed diagnostic info')     # for development only
logger.info('General informational message') # normal operation events
logger.warning('Something unexpected')        # potential issue
logger.error('An error occurred')             # error that was handled
logger.critical('Critical failure')           # severe error, app may not continue

# Setting level to WARNING hides debug/info without removing the log calls
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.WARNING)
logger.debug('This will NOT be shown now')
logger.warning('This WILL be shown')

# Logging exceptions with full traceback
try:
    1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    logger.exception('Division failed')  # includes traceback automatically

# Why print() is problematic for production debugging:
# - can't easily filter by severity
# - clutters stdout, mixed with actual program output
# - no timestamps or context by default
# - must be manually found and removed before shipping

पहलू	print()	logging
Severity levels	कोई अंतर नहीं	DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL
Output control	हमेशा stdout पर	Configurable destinations
Production use	Manually हटाना पड़ता है	Level configuration से on/off

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

logger.debug('Detailed diagnostic info')
logger.info('General info message')
logger.warning('कुछ अनपेक्षित')
logger.error('Error हुआ')
logger.critical('Critical failure')

# Level को WARNING set करने से debug/info छुप जाते हैं
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.WARNING)
logger.debug('अब यह नहीं दिखेगा')
logger.warning('यह दिखेगा')

# Exception log करना with traceback
try:
    1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    logger.exception('Division fail हुआ')

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