How does Python's traceback help you debug errors? Python का traceback errors debug करने में कैसे मदद करता है?

A traceback shows the exact sequence of function calls that led to an unhandled exception, read from top (where execution started) to bottom (where the error actually occurred).

def divide(a, b):
    return a / b

def calculate(x, y):
    return divide(x, y)

def main():
    calculate(10, 0)

main()

# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "script.py", line 8, in <module>
#     main()
#   File "script.py", line 7, in main
#     calculate(10, 0)
#   File "script.py", line 5, in calculate
#     return divide(x, y)
#   File "script.py", line 2, in divide
#     return a / b
# ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

# READ BOTTOM-UP: the actual error type/message is at the very bottom,
# and each frame above shows the calling function that led there

# Programmatically inspecting a traceback
import traceback

try:
    calculate(10, 0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    traceback.print_exc()  # prints the full traceback without stopping execution
    error_string = traceback.format_exc()  # get traceback as a string, e.g. for logging

# Using logging instead of print for production error tracking
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
try:
    calculate(10, 0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    logging.exception('Calculation failed')  # logs the message AND full traceback