How does caching work in Spring Boot with @EnableCaching and @Cacheable? स्प्रिंग बूट में @EnableCaching और @Cacheable के साथ कैशिंग कैसे काम करती है?

Spring's caching abstraction lets you cache the result of an expensive method call transparently, without changing the method's logic. Adding @EnableCaching to a configuration class activates Spring's caching infrastructure, and @Cacheable("cacheName") on a method tells Spring to check the cache first — if a value exists for the given arguments (the cache key), the method body is skipped entirely and the cached value is returned.

Under the hood, Spring wraps the bean in a proxy that intercepts calls to the annotated method, so caching only works on calls made through the Spring-managed bean (external calls), not on self-invocation within the same class, similar to the @Transactional proxy limitation.

@Service
public class ProductService {
    @Cacheable("products")
    public Product getProduct(Long id) {
        return productRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(); // only runs on cache miss
    }
}