How do you handle exceptions in @Async methods, and why doesn't try-catch in the caller work? @Async मेथड्स में एक्सेप्शन को कैसे हैंडल करें, और कॉलर में try-catch क्यों काम नहीं करता?

Because an @Async method runs on a completely different thread, an exception thrown inside it cannot propagate back up the original caller's call stack the way a normal synchronous exception would — by the time the exception occurs, the calling thread has often already moved on, so wrapping the call in try-catch in the caller does nothing.

For a CompletableFuture-returning async method, the exception is captured inside the future and surfaces when the caller calls .get() (wrapped in ExecutionException) or is handled with .exceptionally()/.handle(). For a void-returning async method, exceptions are otherwise silently logged and lost unless a custom AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler is registered via AsyncConfigurer to catch and handle them centrally.

@Bean
public AsyncConfigurer asyncConfigurer() {
    return new AsyncConfigurer() {
        public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
            return (ex, method, params) -> log.error("Async error in {}", method.getName(), ex);
        }
    };
}