What is the Spring Bean Lifecycle, and what are its key phases? स्प्रिंग बीन लाइफसाइकल क्या है, और इसके मुख्य चरण क्या हैं?

The Spring Bean Lifecycle describes the sequence of steps the container performs to create, initialize, and eventually destroy a bean. In order: the container instantiates the bean, injects its dependencies, calls Aware interface setters (e.g. BeanNameAware) if implemented, applies BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(), invokes @PostConstruct or afterPropertiesSet() (from InitializingBean), applies postProcessAfterInitialization(), and then the bean is ready for use.

On container shutdown, @PreDestroy or destroy() (from DisposableBean) is called for singleton beans, giving them a chance to release resources like connections or file handles. Prototype beans are not tracked for destruction by the container once handed off.

@Component
public class CacheManager implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() { /* load cache */ }

    @PreDestroy
    public void cleanup() { /* release resources */ }
}