What is the difference between @Query with JPQL and native SQL queries? @Query में JPQL और नेटिव SQL क्वेरीज़ में क्या अंतर है?

@Query lets you write a custom query directly on a repository method when a derived method name would be too complex or unclear. By default it expects JPQL, which operates on entity objects and their fields rather than table and column names, making it database-agnostic.

Setting nativeQuery = true switches to raw SQL, which operates on actual table/column names and can use database-specific features, but ties the query to a specific database dialect and bypasses some JPA entity-mapping benefits.

@Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.status = :status")
List<User> findByStatus(@Param("status") String status);

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = :status", nativeQuery = true)
List<User> findByStatusNative(@Param("status") String status);