Interview question

What are common built-in exception classes in PHP (SPL exceptions)? PHP में आम built-in exception classes कौन से हैं (SPL exceptions)?

Answer

PHP's Standard Library (SPL) provides a hierarchy of exception classes for common scenarios, so you don't need to write a custom exception for every case.

Class	Use case
InvalidArgumentException	A function received an argument of the wrong type or value
OutOfRangeException	An illegal index was requested, e.g. array index out of bounds
LengthException	A length value is invalid, e.g. an empty required string
RuntimeException	An error that can only be detected at runtime, e.g. a failed API call
LogicException	An error in program logic that should be fixed by the developer, e.g. calling a method in the wrong state
PDOException	Database errors when using PDO

function setAge(int $age): void {
    if ($age < 0) {
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Age cannot be negative');
    }
}

Interview tip: Using SPL exceptions instead of a generic Exception makes catch blocks more precise and self-documenting - reach for a custom exception only when SPL doesn't fit.

PHP की Standard Library (SPL) आम scenarios के लिए exception classes का एक hierarchy देती है, ताकि हर केस के लिए custom exception न लिखनी पड़े।

Class	उपयोग
InvalidArgumentException	फंक्शन को गलत type या वैल्यू का argument मिला
OutOfRangeException	अवैध index request हुआ, जैसे array index out of bounds
LengthException	length वैल्यू invalid है, जैसे खाली required string
RuntimeException	ऐसी एरर जो सिर्फ runtime पर पता चलती है, जैसे failed API call
LogicException	program logic में एरर जो developer को fix करनी चाहिए, जैसे गलत state में method call
PDOException	PDO इस्तेमाल करते वक्त database errors

function setAge(int $age): void {
    if ($age < 0) {
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Age cannot be negative');
    }
}

इंटरव्यू टिप: generic Exception की बजाय SPL exceptions इस्तेमाल करने से catch blocks ज़्यादा precise और self-documenting बनते हैं - custom exception सिर्फ तब बनाएं जब SPL fit न बैठे।

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