Interview question

How do you serve static files and media files in Django? Django में static files और media files कैसे serve करें?

Answer

Type	Purpose	Settings
Static files	CSS, JS, images bundled with your app code	STATIC_URL, STATICFILES_DIRS, STATIC_ROOT
Media files	User-uploaded content (profile pictures, documents)	MEDIA_URL, MEDIA_ROOT

# settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [BASE_DIR / 'static']   # where Django looks in development
STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'staticfiles'      # where collectstatic gathers files for production

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media'             # where uploaded files are stored

# In templates - loading and referencing static files
{% load static %}
<link rel='stylesheet' href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
<img src="{% static 'images/logo.png' %}" alt='Logo'>

# Serving media files - referencing an uploaded file via a model field
class Book(models.Model):
    cover = models.ImageField(upload_to='book_covers/')

# In a template
<img src="{{ book.cover.url }}" alt="{{ book.title }}">

# urls.py - serving media files during DEVELOPMENT only
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    # ... your other patterns ...
]
if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

# For PRODUCTION, static/media files should be served by a dedicated
# web server (Nginx) or cloud storage (AWS S3 via django-storages),
# NOT by Django itself - Django serving files directly is slow and
# insecure at scale

# Collecting all static files into STATIC_ROOT for deployment
# $ python manage.py collectstatic

Type	उद्देश्य	Settings
Static files	CSS, JS, images	STATIC_URL, STATICFILES_DIRS, STATIC_ROOT
Media files	User-uploaded content	MEDIA_URL, MEDIA_ROOT

# settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [BASE_DIR / 'static']
STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'staticfiles'

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media'

# Templates में static files
{% load static %}
<link rel='stylesheet' href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
<img src="{% static 'images/logo.png' %}" alt='Logo'>

class Book(models.Model):
    cover = models.ImageField(upload_to='book_covers/')

<img src="{{ book.cover.url }}" alt="{{ book.title }}">

# urls.py - development में media files serve करना
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
]
if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

# Production में Nginx या S3 (django-storages) use करें, Django खुद नहीं

# Deployment के लिए static files collect करना
# $ python manage.py collectstatic

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