How do you handle routing and URL patterns in web frameworks? Web frameworks में routing और URL patterns कैसे handle करते हैं?

# Flask routing
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

# Basic route
@app.route('/home')
def home():
    return 'Home Page'

# Route with parameters
@app.route('/user/<username>')
def user(username):
    return f'User: {username}'

# Route with multiple parameters
@app.route('/post/<int:post_id>')
def post(post_id):
    return f'Post ID: {post_id}'

# HTTP methods
@app.route('/submit', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def submit():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        return 'Form submitted'
    return 'Submit form'

# Django URL patterns
from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('home/', views.home, name='home'),
    path('user/<str:username>/', views.user, name='user'),
    path('post/<int:post_id>/', views.post, name='post'),
    re_path(r'^article/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.article),
]

# FastAPI routing
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.get('/home')
async def home():
    return {'page': 'Home'}

@app.get('/user/{username}')
async def user(username: str):
    return {'username': username}

@app.get('/post/{post_id}')
async def post(post_id: int):
    return {'post_id': post_id}

@app.post('/submit')
async def submit(data: dict):
    return {'status': 'submitted', 'data': data}

# URL parameter types
# - str: String (default)
# - int: Integer
# - float: Float
# - path: Path including '/'
# - uuid: UUID
# - bool: Boolean